Introduction
The Toghrol Tower, located in the ancient city of Rey, Iran, is a remarkable testament to the architectural prowess of the Seljuk dynasty. Dating back to 1063 AD, this structure has fascinated scholars and visitors alike with its unique design and intriguing history. Let’s explore the rich tapestry of this iconic landmark, uncovering the fascinating story behind its construction and the mysteries that continue to shroud its purpose.
Structure and Design
Geometry and Construction
Standing at a towering height of 20 meters, the Toghrol Tower features a sturdy brick and Sarooj (water-resistant mortar) construction that has defied the passage of time. Its internal surface forms a smooth cylinder of 11 meters in diameter, while externally, it takes the shape of a 24-angled polygon. This polygonal design not only ensures structural integrity but also serves as a remarkable horological device.
Timekeeping Functionality
The polygonal angles of the Toghrol Tower act as a natural timekeeper. As the sun casts its rays upon the tower, the shadows created by these angles indicate the passage of hours since sunrise. This ingenious feature combines practicality with elegance, captivating visitors with its functional design.
Ornamental Features
Muqarnas and Cornice
Adorning the upper section of the tower is a high muqarnas, a characteristic vaulting in Islamic architecture resembling stalactite-like structures. This ornamental feature seamlessly transitions between the stellar plan and the circular cornice, adding both visual appeal and architectural sophistication.
Interior Mysteries
The interior of the Toghrol Tower features a central space accessed by stairs and a door, which opens up to the sky. The purpose of this central area remains a subject of speculation, adding to the intrigue of the tower’s design.
Historical Significance
Lighthouse Function
Some scholars propose that the Toghrol Tower may have served as a lighthouse, guiding travelers along the Silk Road during foggy conditions. Its strategic location and towering presence would have made it a crucial navigational aid for caravans.
Tomb of Tuğrul Beg?
Alternatively, there is speculation that the Toghrol Tower was intended as the tomb of Tuğrul Beg, the founder of the Seljuk dynasty. This theory is supported by the tower’s symbolic significance and its association with this historical figure.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Toghrol Tower stands as a remarkable example of Seljuk-era architecture, blending form and function with artistic elegance. From its geometrically precise design to its ornate muqarnas and its potential roles as a timekeeper and navigational aid, this iconic landmark continues to captivate and inspire. As we unravel the mysteries surrounding the Toghrol Tower, we celebrate its enduring legacy as a cultural and architectural gem in the heart of Iran.
